初中化學(xué)中考指點(diǎn)_七年級英語上冊人教版知識點(diǎn)_初中補(bǔ)習(xí)
初中化學(xué)中考指點(diǎn)_七年級英語上冊人教版知識點(diǎn)_初中補(bǔ)習(xí), 初一學(xué)生課后往往容易急于完成書面作業(yè),忽視必要的鞏固、記憶、復(fù)習(xí),以致出現(xiàn)照例題模仿、套公式解題的現(xiàn)象,造成為交作業(yè)而做作業(yè),起不到作業(yè)的練習(xí)鞏固、深化理解知識的應(yīng)有作用。為此學(xué)生應(yīng)每天先閱讀教材,結(jié)合筆記記錄的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn),回顧課堂講授的知識、方法,同時(shí)記憶公式、定理,然后獨(dú)立完成作業(yè),解題后再反思。在作業(yè)書寫方面也應(yīng)注意“寫法”,書寫格式要規(guī)范,條理要清楚。學(xué)業(yè)的精湛造詣泉源于用功勤學(xué),只有勤學(xué)者,才氣在無邊的知識海洋里獵取到真智才學(xué),只有真正用功的人才氣戰(zhàn)勝難題,持之以恒,
上冊人教版知識點(diǎn)
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?
◆歸納
play chess 下
play the guitar 彈吉他
speak English 說英語
English club 英語俱樂部
talk to 跟…說
play the violin 拉小提琴
play the piano 彈鋼琴
play the drums 敲鼓
make friends 結(jié)交同伙
1 do kung fu 練 (中國) 功夫
1 tell stories 講
1 play games 做游戲
1 on the weekend/on weekends 在周末
◆用法集萃
play +棋類/球類 下……棋,打……球
play the +西洋樂器 彈/拉……樂器
be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 善于做某事
be good with sb. 和某人相處地好
need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
can + 動詞真相 能/會做某事
a little + 不能數(shù)名詞 一點(diǎn)兒……
join the …club 加入…俱樂部
like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜歡/喜歡做某事
◆典句必背
Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club.
You can join the English club.
Sounds good./That sounds good.
I can speak English and I can also play soccer.
Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-372
Unit 2 What time do you go to school?
◆短語歸納
what time 幾點(diǎn)
go to school 去上學(xué)
get up 起床
take a shower 洗淋浴
brush teeth 刷牙
get to 到達(dá)
do homework 做家庭作業(yè)
go to work 去上班
go home 回家
1 eat breakfast 吃早飯
1 get dressed 穿上衣服
1 get home 抵家
1 either…or… 要么…要么…
1 go to bed 上床睡覺
1 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/下晝/晚上
1 take a walk 散步
1 lots of=a lot of 許多,大量
1 radio station 廣播電臺
1 at night 在晚上
2 be late for=arrive late for 遲到
◆用法集萃
at + 詳細(xì)時(shí)間點(diǎn) 在幾點(diǎn)(幾分)
eat breakfast/ lunch/dinner 吃早飯/午飯/晚飯
thirty\half past +基數(shù)詞 ……點(diǎn)半
fifteen\a quarter to +基數(shù)詞差一刻到……點(diǎn)
take a/an +名詞 從事……流動
from …to … 從……到……
need to do sth 需要做某事
◆典句必背
What time do you usually get up? I usually get up at six thirty.
That’s a funny time for breakfast.
When do students usually eat dinner? They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening.
In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.
At twelve, she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch..
She knows it’s not good for her, but it tastes good.
Here are your clothes.
Unit 3 How do you get to school?
◆短語歸納
get to school 到達(dá)學(xué)校
take the subway 乘地鐵
ride a bike 騎自行車
how far 多遠(yuǎn)
from home to school 從家到學(xué)校
every day 天天
take the bus 乘公共汽車
by bike 騎自行車
bus stop 公共汽車站
1 think of 以為
1 between … and … 在…和…之間
1one 11-year-old boy 一個(gè)11歲的男孩
1 play with … 和…玩
1 come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)
1 have to 不得不
◆用法集萃
take… to …= go to … by… 乘…去…
How do / does (sb)get to …?…是怎樣到…的?
How far is it from … to …?從…到…有多遠(yuǎn)?
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事破費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間。
How long does it take to do sth.? …破費(fèi)多長時(shí)間?
It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是….
Thanks for + n. / Ving 謝謝你(做)某事。
◆典句必背
How do you get to school? I ride my bike.
How far is it from your home to school?
How long does it take you to get to school?
For many students, it is easy to get to school.
There is a very big river between their school and the village.
Unit 5
回復(fù)why的提問要用because
Kind of 相當(dāng)于副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞,意為“稍微,有點(diǎn)”,與a little/ bit 相近
A kind of 意為“一種”,some kinds of 意為“幾種”,all kinds of 意為“林林總總的”。這里的kind 是“種,類,屬”的意思。
Why not =Why don’t you+V原 你為什么不…?
walk on one’s legs/ hands
on 意為“用…方式行走”
all day =the whole day整天
來自be/ come from
where do they come from?
=where are they from?
more than=over跨越 less than 少于
once twice three times
be in great danger
1one of… …之一 +名詞復(fù)數(shù)
1get lost
1with/ without 有/ 沒有 介詞
1a symbol of
1由…制造 be made of能看出原質(zhì)料
be made from 看不出原質(zhì)料
be made in+地址 表產(chǎn)地
1cut down 砍到
動副結(jié)構(gòu)(代詞必須放中央,名詞可放中央或者后面)
Unit 6
現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)
其結(jié)構(gòu)為be的現(xiàn)在式(am, is, are)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)。
否認(rèn)形式在be后面加not,疑問式將be動詞提前
動詞-ing形式的組成:
一樣平時(shí)情形+ing;以不發(fā)音的e末尾的,去e加ing;重讀閉音節(jié)末尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫輔音字母再加ing
go to the movies
join sb for sth與某人一起做某事
join us for dinner
live with sb
live in+地址
other,another與the other
Other “其他的,另外的”,后接名詞復(fù)數(shù),有時(shí)other+n復(fù)數(shù)=others
Another “又一(個(gè)),另一(個(gè))”,泛指總數(shù)為三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的隨便一個(gè),后接名詞單數(shù)。
The other“(兩者中的)另一個(gè)”,常與one連用,“one…the other…”示意“一個(gè)…,另一個(gè)…”
talk on the phone
wish to do sth
Here is+ n單
Here are+ n 復(fù)
Unit 7
詢問天氣的表達(dá)方式:
How’s the weather?
It’s a raining/sunny day.
It’s raining.
What’s the weather like?
It’s windy.
play computer games
How’s it/ everything going?
In/ at the park
Take a message for sb 替身留言
Leave a message to sb 給人留言
call sb back
right now,right away,at once,in a minute,in a moment,in no time 馬上,馬上
right now現(xiàn)在
just now剛剛(用于一樣平時(shí)已往式)
over and over again
1the answer to the question,a key to the door,a ticket to the ball game
1by the pool
1summer vacation
1go on a vacation去度假
be on a vacation在度假
1write (a letter)to sb
1反意疑問句(陳述句+附加疑問句)
反意疑問句中,陳述句用的一定,后面的附加疑問句就要用否認(rèn);相反,陳述句用的否認(rèn),附加疑問句就要用一定。
1以-ing末尾“令人…的”exciting,interesting,relaxing
以-ed末尾“人感應(yīng)…的”excited,interested,relaxed
1in the first picture
1dry干燥的 humid濕潤的
Unit 8
There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不能數(shù)名詞+ 地址狀語.
There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地址狀語.
謂語動詞要與跟它最近的誰人名詞一致(就近原則)。
There be句型的否認(rèn)式在be后加上not或no即可。
注重not和no的差異:not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.
There be句型的一樣平時(shí)疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變是把be動詞調(diào)整到句首
There be示意“某處存在某物或某人”;have示意“某人擁有某物/某人”
問路:
①Is/ Are there ……near here/ around here/ in the neighborhood?
②Where is/ are……?
③How can I get to……?
④Could/Can you tell me the way to……
⑤Which is the way to……
Across,cross,through,over
Across是介詞,“橫過,在迎面”示意從物體外面穿過
Cross是動詞,相當(dāng)于go/ walk across
Through是介詞,示意從物體中央或內(nèi)里穿過 go through the door
Over是介詞,“橫過,越過”示意從物體上空越過,跨過 fly over
ask for help/ advice
in/ on the street
在某條大街上習(xí)習(xí)用介詞on on Bridge Street
across from,next to,between…and…,behind
in front of在…(外部的)前面→behind在…后面 in the front of在…(內(nèi)部的)前面
be in town→be out of town
1be far from
1go/ walk along go straight go up/ down
1turn left/right
1on one’s/ the left
1at the first crossing/ turning
1sometimes 有時(shí)(頻度副詞)
sometime(未來)有朝一日,(曾經(jīng))某天
Some times 幾回,幾倍 some time 一段時(shí)間(前面用介詞for)
,中學(xué)生堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌兼顧的原則,第一是不能偏科。有些中學(xué)生,或出于智能方面的原因,或出于個(gè)人的興趣,或出于對個(gè)別任課老師的偏見,而產(chǎn)生偏科現(xiàn)象,久而久之造成了某一應(yīng)考學(xué)科的知識斷檔,成績特差。等到升學(xué)考試時(shí),才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己陷于被動境地,悔之晚矣。,,中考是一門綜合性的考試,各科都要有較好的成就,中考總體成就才會提高。一樣平常來說,做到“門門全優(yōu)”是很難題的,每個(gè)同硯都有自己對照喜歡、學(xué)起來對照隨手的科目,也有些不大喜歡甚至感受頭痛的科目。這就要求我們能夠妥善處置好優(yōu)勢科目和劣勢科目的關(guān)系,只管保持平衡。,1free
空閑的 free time
自由的 as free as a fish
免費(fèi)的 The best things in life are free.
1enjoy doing
1Time goes quickly.
1表“一些”在一定句中用some. 在疑問句和否認(rèn)句中用any。
特殊用法:some可用于示意希望獲得對方一定的回覆或示意建議、委婉請求的疑問句中。
any也可用于一定句中,示意"任何的"。
一. 情態(tài)動詞can的用法
can+動詞真相,它不隨主語的人稱和數(shù)而轉(zhuǎn)變。
含有can的一定句:主語+can+謂語動詞的真相+其他。
含有can的否認(rèn)句:主語+can't+動詞的真相+其他。
變一樣平時(shí)疑問句時(shí),把can提前:Can+主語+動詞真相+其他? 一定回復(fù):Yes,主語+can。否認(rèn)回復(fù):No,主語+can't.
含有can的特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+can+主語+動詞真相+其他?
I can speak English.→I can't speak English.→Can you speak English? →What can you speak?
二. what time和when指導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句
詢問鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)用what time,詢問日期、月份、年份時(shí)用when。
What's the time?=What time is it?現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?
時(shí)刻表達(dá)法:順讀法和逆讀法。
順讀法:“鐘點(diǎn)+分鐘”直接讀數(shù)字。
如:7: 05 seven five;8:16 eight sixteen
逆讀法:借助介詞past或to示意,要先說分再說鐘點(diǎn)。
a. 當(dāng)分鐘不跨越30分鐘時(shí)(包羅30分鐘),即<或=30,用past示意。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:“分鐘+past+整點(diǎn)” 意為“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”。
如:1:25 twenty-five past one
b. 當(dāng)跨越30分鐘時(shí),即>30,用to示意。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:“所差分鐘(即60—所 太過鐘數(shù))+to+下一個(gè)整點(diǎn)”,to譯成“差”,差幾分鐘到幾點(diǎn)。
如:4:38 twenty-two to five
c. 當(dāng)分鐘為30分鐘用half示意,當(dāng)分鐘為15分鐘用a quarter。
三. how指導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句
how 指導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句提問交通方式,其答語分三種情形:
a. take a/an/the+交通工具(單數(shù))
b. by+交通工具(單數(shù))
c. on/in+限制詞+交通工具
---How do you go to school every day?
---I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go to school on the bus every day.
how far 用來提問距離,多遠(yuǎn),其答語分為兩種:
(1)用長度單元示意:It is five kilometers.
(2)用時(shí)間示意:It’s twenty minutes’walk.
how long 用來提問時(shí)間,意為多久回復(fù)常用“for+段時(shí)”。
----How long have you learnt English?
----For 3 years.
how soon 用來提問做完某事還需要多長時(shí)間, 用于未來時(shí)態(tài), 常用“in+時(shí)間段”往返覆。
----How soon will you arrive in Beijing? ----In 3 hours.
四. 祈使句
祈使句一樣平時(shí)示意請求、下令、勸說、招呼、忠言等。一樣平時(shí)以動詞真相開頭,句末可以用嘆息號或句號。
一定的祈使句:
(1) 實(shí)義動詞真相+其他 :Please look at that boy.
(2) be動詞真相+形容詞+其他:Be quiet, please.
否認(rèn)的祈使句:
(1) Don’t+實(shí)義動詞+真相 Don't stand there.
(2) Don’t be+形容詞+其他 Don't be so noisy.
(4) No+n./V-ing
No photos. 不許照相。
No talking. 不許談話。
五. 現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)指當(dāng)前時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動作。常與now,at this moment,listen,look等詞連用。
現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
一定式:am/is/are+doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
否認(rèn)式:am/is/are not +doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
一樣平時(shí)疑問式:Am/Is/Are + 主語 +doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)+ 其他
特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+一樣平時(shí)疑問式
They’re having a meeting now. 他們現(xiàn)在正在開會。
They aren't having a meeting now. 他們現(xiàn)在沒有在開會。
Are they having a meeting now? 他們現(xiàn)在正在開會嗎?
What are they doing now? 他們現(xiàn)在正在做什么?
現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)的基本用法
(1)示意此時(shí)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情。常與now,at the moment,look,listen等詞連用。
The little boy is watching TV now. 這個(gè)小男孩現(xiàn)在正在看電視。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room. 聽!她正在隔鄰房間彈吉他。
(2)示意現(xiàn)階段一直在舉行著或是重復(fù)發(fā)生著的動作,不強(qiáng)調(diào)此時(shí)現(xiàn)在正在做。常與示意時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用。
I am studying computer this term. 這個(gè)學(xué)期我一直在學(xué)習(xí)盤算機(jī)。
(3)示意語言人褒義或貶義的情緒色彩,如贊許、指斥、喜歡、厭惡等。此時(shí)常與alway、often等頻度副詞連用。
He is always thinking of others , not of himself. 他總是為他人著想,而不為自己。(示意贊許)
One of my roommates is often leaving things about. 我的一個(gè)室友經(jīng)常亂扔器械。(示意不滿)
(4)示意在近期按設(shè)計(jì)或放置要發(fā)生的動作。(現(xiàn)在舉行時(shí)示意一樣平時(shí)未來的寄義。)
① 瞬時(shí)動詞的舉行時(shí)在任何情形下都示意未來寄義。這些動詞包羅go , come , leave,arrive , return等。
I am leaving.
我將要脫離了。
I am leaving tomorrow.
我將會明天脫離。
② 延續(xù)動詞的舉行時(shí),只有在有未來時(shí)間狀語或未來語境的情形下才可以示意未來寄義。
An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.
今天下晝一位美國教授將要作。(未來寄義)
An American professor is giving a lecture.
一個(gè)美國教授正在作講述。(舉行寄義)
現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)的轉(zhuǎn)變規(guī)則
(1)一樣平時(shí)在情形下,在動詞詞尾加-ing。
go——going
play——playing
know——knowing
(2)以不發(fā)音的字母e末尾動詞,先去e再加-ing。
make——making
arrive——arriving
come——coming
(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾,且動詞詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ing。
run——running
stop——stopping
swim——swimming
run——running
put——putting
sit——sitting
begin——beginning
plan——planning
cut——cutting
get——getting
shop——shopping
chat——chatting
regret——regretting
dig——digging
(4)以-ie末尾,先將-ie改成y,再加-ing。
tie——tying
die——dying
lie——lying
六. There be結(jié)構(gòu)
There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處有某人(某物),強(qiáng)調(diào)存在”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(某人)+某地”,有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地址,也可把地址狀語放在句首。
There is a book on the desk.
On the desk there is a book.
(1)一定句:“There be+主語(某人/某物)+介詞短語”
There are three people in my family. 我家有三口人。
There is a pen and two books on the desk. 書桌上有一支鋼筆和兩本書。
(2)否認(rèn)式:“There be +not+主語+介詞短語”
There isn’t a boy in the room.房間里沒有一個(gè)男孩。
There aren’t any books on the desk.書桌上沒有書。
注重:“There be句型”的否認(rèn)式的組成和含有be動詞的其他句型一樣,在be后加not或no即可。
注重not和no的差異:not是副詞,no為形容詞,以是not a/an/any+n,相當(dāng)于no+n。
There aren’t any pictures on the wall.
=There are no pictures on the wall.
There isn’t a bike behind the tree.
=There is no bike behind the tree.
(3)疑問式:Be there+主語+介詞短語?”
一定回復(fù)是:“Yes, there be.”否認(rèn)回復(fù)是:“No, there+be與not的縮寫形式”。
—Is there a lamp in your bedroom?在你的臥室里有臺燈嗎?
—Yes, there is.是的,有。
—Are there any clock in the living room?客廳里有鐘嗎?
—No, there aren’t.不,沒有。
(4)特殊疑問句:一樣平時(shí)有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu)
How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are/were there+介詞短語?
There’re many children in the park.
How many children are there in the park?
How much+不能數(shù)名詞+is/was there+介詞短語?
There was little rain around the year.
How much rain was there around the year?
have示意“某人擁有某人或某物,強(qiáng)調(diào)擁有和所屬關(guān)系”。
The man has two cars.
There be句型中的就近原則,即be和距其最近的主語保持一致。
There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor.
七. 選擇疑問句
選擇疑問句是指語言人提出兩種或以上的情形,讓對方選擇是哪一種,兩個(gè)選擇部門用or毗鄰。選擇疑問句不用yes或no往返覆,直接在兩個(gè)選擇里選一個(gè)回復(fù)。
---Is she tall or short? ---She is tall.
---Can you play the piano or play the guitar? ---I can play the piano
八. 名詞
名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
在英語內(nèi)里,名詞分可數(shù)名詞(countable noun)和不能數(shù)名詞(uncountable noun)。不能數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,用時(shí)只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用;可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,一個(gè)的前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而復(fù)數(shù)即兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的要作響應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)變,情形如下:
(1)一樣平時(shí)的詞在單數(shù)詞后直接+“s”
book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon→cartoons
(2)以s,x,sh,ch末尾的詞+“es”
box→boxes,watch→watches
(3)以輔音字母+y末尾的名詞去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”
family→families,comedy→comedies
(4)以f或fe末尾的詞,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加es
knife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves
(5) 特殊詞,特殊轉(zhuǎn)變,需單獨(dú)記:
child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women
tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer
既是可數(shù)名詞又是不能數(shù)名詞的單詞
chicken當(dāng)“雞肉”講時(shí)是不能數(shù),當(dāng)“小雞”講時(shí)可數(shù);
room當(dāng)“空間”講時(shí)不能數(shù),當(dāng)“房間”講時(shí)可數(shù);
fish當(dāng)食物用“魚、魚肉”講時(shí)不能數(shù),當(dāng)“魚的種類”講時(shí)可數(shù);
hair泛指“毛發(fā)”時(shí)不能數(shù),當(dāng)“一根或幾根毛發(fā)”講時(shí)可數(shù);
sound意思是“一樣平時(shí)性的聲音”時(shí),不能數(shù),指“一次發(fā)出的聲音”時(shí)可數(shù);
paper當(dāng)“紙”講時(shí)不能數(shù),當(dāng)“試卷”、“論文”、“證件”講時(shí)可數(shù);
time當(dāng)“時(shí)間”講時(shí)不能數(shù),當(dāng)“時(shí)代、倍數(shù)、次數(shù)”講時(shí)可數(shù);
exercise泛指“磨煉”時(shí)不能數(shù),當(dāng)“演習(xí)、做操”講時(shí)可數(shù)
九. 一樣平時(shí)已往時(shí)
一樣平時(shí)已往時(shí)示意在已往某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動作或所處的狀態(tài)(與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)) 。常與yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等已往詳細(xì)時(shí)間狀語連用。
He was here just now.
他適才還在這里。
What did you do yesterday?
你昨天做了什么事?
一樣平時(shí)已往時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)
一定句形式:主語+動詞已往式+其他
I was an English teacher one year ago.
一年前我是一名英語先生。
I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.
昨天下晝我買了一條黃裙子。
否認(rèn)句形式:①was/were+not; ②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動詞
I wasn't an English teacher one year ago.
一年前我不是一名英語先生。
I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.
昨天下晝我沒買一條黃裙子。
一樣平時(shí)疑問句:①was/were提到句首; ②Did+主語+動詞真相+其他?
Were you an English teacher one year ago?
一年前你是一名英語先生嗎?
Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?
昨天下晝你買了一條黃裙子嗎?
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一樣平時(shí)疑問句
What were you one year ago?
一年前你是做什么的?
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